zip命令基础

怎样用zip压缩多个文件呢?

语法: zip {.zip file-name} {file-names}

# zip var-log-files.zip /var/log/*
adding: var/log/acpid (deflated 81%)
adding: var/log/anaconda.log (deflated 79%)
adding: var/log/anaconda.syslog (deflated 73%)
adding: var/log/anaconda.xlog (deflated 82%)
adding: var/log/audit/ (stored 0%)
adding: var/log/boot.log (stored 0%)
adding: var/log/boot.log.1 (deflated 40%)
adding: var/log/boot.log.2 (deflated 42%)
adding: var/log/boot.log.3 (deflated 40%)
adding: var/log/boot.log.4 (deflated 40%)

# zip -r var-log-dir.zip /var/log/
updating: var/log/ (stored 0%)
adding: var/log/wtmp (deflated 78%)
adding: var/log/scrollkeeper.log (deflated 94%)
adding: var/log/rpmpkgs.3 (deflated 68%)
adding: var/log/spooler (stored 0%)
adding: var/log/cron.2 (deflated 90%)
adding: var/log/spooler.1 (stored 0%)
adding: var/log/spooler.4 (stored 0%)
adding: var/log/httpd/ (stored 0%)
adding: var/log/rpmpkgs.1 (deflated 68%)
adding: var/log/anaconda.log (deflated 79%)
adding: var/log/secure.2 (deflated 93%)

如何解压a*.zip的压缩包?

# unzip var-log.zip
Archive: var-log.zip
inflating: var/log/acpid
inflating: var/log/anaconda.log
inflating: var/log/anaconda.syslog
inflating: var/log/anaconda.xlog
creating: var/log/audit/

用参数 v 查看解压缩过程中的详细信息:

# unzip -v var-log.zip
Archive: var-log.zip
Length Method Size Ratio Date Time CRC-32
Name
-------- ------ ------- ----- ---- ---- ------ ----
1916 Defl:N 369 81% 02-08-08 14:27 e2ffdc0c var/log/acpid
13546 Defl:N 2900 79% 02-02-07 14:25 34cc03a1 var/log/anaconda.log
..skip..
7680 Defl:N 411 95% 12-30-08 10:55 fe876ee9 var/log/wtmp.1
40981 Defl:N 7395 82% 02-08-08 14:28 6386a95e var/log/Xorg.0.log
-------- ------- --- --- ----
41406991 2809229 93% 56 files

如何在不解压一个压缩包的情况下看里面的文件呢?

# unzip -l var-log.zip
Archive: var-log.zip
Length Date Time Name
-------- ---- ---- ----
1916 02-08-08 14:27 var/log/acpid
13546 02-02-07 14:25 var/log/anaconda.log
..skip..
40981 02-08-08 14:28 var/log/Xorg.0.log
40981 02-08-07 14:56 var/log/Xorg.0.log.old
-------- -------
41406991 56 files

zip高级用法

zip 命令提供了十个压缩等级:

等级 0 是最低等级, 只做归档, 不压缩
等级 1 压缩率低, 但速度很快
等级 6 是默认的压缩等级
等级 9 的压缩率最高, 但它耗时也多, 除了大文件, 们一般推荐于用等级 9.

下面的例子中分别利用等级 0, 等级 6, 等级 9 压缩同样的一个目录, 看看他们分别压缩后的大小:

# zip var-log-files-default.zip /var/log/*
# zip -0 var-log-files-0.zip /var/log/*
# zip -9 var-log-files-9.zip /var/log/*
# ls -ltr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2817248 Jan 1 13:05 var-log-files-default.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41415301 Jan 1 13:05 var-log-files-0.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2582610 Jan 1 13:06 var-log-files-9.zip

zip文件的密码保护

使用 zip 命令的 P 选项来加密 zip 文件:
# zip -P mysecurepwd var-log-protected.zip /var/log/*

在 shell 脚本中使用上述选项来做后台工作是个不错的选择. 但在使用交互式命令行时, 一般不会想让密码在 History 中可见. 所以, 这个时候就要使用下述的 e 选项来设定密码了.

# zip -e var-log-protected.zip /var/log/*
Enter password:
Verify password:
updating: var/log/acpid (deflated 81%)
updating: var/log/anaconda.log (deflated 79%)

当要解压缩一个有密码保护的压缩文件时, 会被要求输入密码:

# unzip var-log-protected.zip
Archive: var-log-protected.zip
[var-log-protected.zip] var/log/acpid password:

检查 zip文件的完整性

有时候想要检查 zip 文件的完整性又不想解压它. 这时可以使用如下所述的 t 选项:

# unzip -t var-log.zip
Archive: var-log.zip
testing: var/log/acpid OK
testing: var/log/anaconda.log OK
testing: var/log/anaconda.syslog OK
..skip...
testing: var/log/wtmp OK
testing: var/log/wtmp.1 OK
testing: var/log/Xorg.0.log OK
No errors detected in compressed data of var-log.zip.

linux zip命令的基本用法